Temperature, heat, and matter

Thermal expansion: the expansion of matter when its tempeture is raised.


Preassure: the force on each unit of area of a surface.


Melting: the change of solid into a liquid.


Vaporization: the change of a liquid to a gas as molecules break free from each other.


Condensation: the change of a gas into a liquid as molecules attrack each other.


Freezing: the change of a solid into a liquid.


Boiling: the formation of bubbles of vapor the escape from a liquid that is being heated.
Evaporation: the vaporization of molecules from the surface of a liquid.

Tempeture and Heat

Kenetic energy:The energy of a movning object.



Potential energy:Energy stored in an object or materials.



Tempeture:The average kinetic energy of the molecules in a material.



Heat:Energy that flows between objects that have different temperature.


Rdiation:The transfer of energy by electromacnetic waves.
Coduction:The transfer of energy by the flow of a liquid or gas energy by direct contact of molecules.
Convection:The transfer of energy by the flow of a liquid or gas.



Insulation:Prevents heat from flowing in or out of a material.

Chemical Changes

Compound:A chemical combination of 2 or more elements.


Chemical bond:A link that atoms or electrically charged particles can form with each other.


Chemical formula:A way of using letters and numbers to show how much of each element is in a substances.

Ion:An elecrtically charged particle with unequal numbers of protons and electrons.

Molecule:A group of bonded atoms that acts like a single particle.

Chemical property:A way of describing how a substances change chemically with other substances.


Exothermic:A reaction that gives off heat.


Endothermic:A reaction that absorbs heat.